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Compare Saint Helena (2008) - Spain (2001)

Compare Saint Helena (2008) z Spain (2001)

 Saint Helena (2008)Spain (2001)
 Saint HelenaSpain
Administrative divisions 1 administrative area and 2 dependencies*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha* 17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Baleares (Balearic Islands), Canarias (Canary Islands), Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Cataluna, Communidad Valencian, Extremadura, Galicia, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco (Basque Country)

note:
there are five places of sovereignty on and off the coast of Morocco: Ceuta and Melilla are administered as autonomous communities; Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera are under direct Spanish administration
Age structure 0-14 years: 18.7% (male 716/female 691)


15-64 years: 71.1% (male 2,755/female 2,608)


65 years and over: 10.2% (male 358/female 415) (2007 est.)
0-14 years:
14.62% (male 3,015,851; female 2,835,763)

15-64 years:
68.2% (male 13,701,065; female 13,605,314)

65 years and over:
17.18% (male 2,881,334; female 3,998,668) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, lobster (on Tristan da Cunha); livestock grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish
Airports 1 (2007) 110 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
total:
75

over 3,047 m:
15

2,438 to 3,047 m:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
18

914 to 1,523 m:
19

under 914 m:
13 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
35

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
9

under 914 m:
25 (2000 est.)
Area total: 413 sq km


land: Saint Helena Island 122 sq km; Ascension Island 90 sq km; Tristan da Cunha island group 201 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
504,782 sq km

land:
499,542 sq km

water:
5,240 sq km

note:
includes Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, and five places of sovereignty (plazas de soberania) on and off the coast of Morocco - Ceuta, Melilla, Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC slightly more than twice the size of Oregon
Background Saint Helena is a British Overseas Territory consisting of Saint Helena and Ascension Islands, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha.


Saint Helena: Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. During the Anglo-Boer War in South Africa, several thousand Boer prisoners were confined on the island between 1900 and 1903.


Ascension Island: This barren and uninhabited island was discovered and named by the Portuguese in 1503. The British garrisoned the island in 1815 to prevent a rescue of Napoleon from Saint Helena and it served as a provisioning station for the Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron on anti-slavery patrol. The island remained under Admiralty control until 1922, when it became a dependency of Saint Helena. During World War II, the UK permitted the US to construct an airfield on Ascension in support of trans-Atlantic flights to Africa and anti-submarine operations in the South Atlantic. In the 1960s the island became an important space tracking station for the US. In 1982, Ascension was an essential staging area for British forces during the Falklands War, and it remains a critical refueling point in the air-bridge from the UK to the South Atlantic.


Tristan da Cunha: The island group consists of the islands of Tristan da Cunha, Nightingale, Inaccessible, and Gough. Tristan da Cunha is named after its Portuguese discoverer (1506); it was garrisoned by the British in 1816 to prevent any attempt to rescue Napoleon from Saint Helena. Gough and Inaccessible Islands have been designated World Heritage Sites. South Africa leases a site for a meteorological station on Gough Island.
Spain's powerful world empire of the 16th and 17th centuries ultimately yielded command of the seas to England. Subsequent failure to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions caused the country to fall behind Britain, France, and Germany in economic and political power. Spain remained neutral in World Wars I and II, but suffered through a devastating Civil War (1936-39). In the second half of the 20th century, it has played a catch-up role in the western international community. Continuing concerns are large-scale unemployment and the Basque separatist movement.
Birth rate 11.93 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 9.26 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $13.09 million


expenditures: $32.16 million


note: revenue data reflect locally raised revenues only; the budget deficit is resolved by grant aid from the United Kingdom (FY06/07 est.)
revenues:
$105 billion

expenditures:
$109 billion, including capital expenditures of $12.8 billion (2000 est.)
Capital name: Jamestown


geographic coordinates: 15 56 S, 5 44 W


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Madrid
Climate Saint Helena: tropical marine; mild, tempered by trade winds


Ascension Island: tropical marine; mild, semi-arid


Tristan da Cunha: temperate marine; mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast
Coastline Saint Helena: 60 km


Ascension Island: NA


Tristan da Cunha: 40 km
4,964 km
Constitution 1 January 1989 6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Saint Helena
conventional long form:
Kingdom of Spain

conventional short form:
Spain

local short form:
Espana
Currency - Spanish peseta (ESP); euro (EUR)

note:
on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in Spain at a fixed rate of 166.386 Spanish pesetas per euro and will replace the local currency for all transactions in 2002
Death rate 6.63 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 9.13 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $NA $90 billion (1993 est.)
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK) chief of mission:
Ambassador Edward L. ROMERO

embassy:
Serrano 75, 28006 Madrid

mailing address:
APO AE 09642

telephone:
[34] (91) 587-2200

FAX:
[34] (91) 587-2303

consulate(s) general:
Barcelona
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) chief of mission:
Ambassador Francisco Javier RUPEREZ

chancery:
2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037

telephone:
[1] (202) 452-0100, 728-2340

FAX:
[1] (202) 833-5670

consulate(s) general:
Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
Disputes - international none Gibraltar issue with UK; Spain controls five places of sovereignty (plazas de soberania) on and off the coast of Morocco - the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, which Morocco contests, as well as the islands of Penon de Alhucemas, Penon de Velez de la Gomera, and Islas Chafarinas
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $1.3 billion (1995)
Economic aid - recipient $29.56 million obtained in a grant from the United Kingdom (FY06/07) -
Economy - overview The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which will amount to about $27 million in FY06/07 or almost 70% of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, raising livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK. Spain's mixed capitalist economy supports a GDP that on a per capita basis is 80% that of the four leading West European economies. Its center-right government successfully worked to gain admission to the first group of countries launching the European single currency on 1 January 1999. The AZNAR administration has continued to advocate liberalization, privatization, and deregulation of the economy and has introduced some tax reforms to that end. Unemployment has been steadily falling under the AZNAR administration but remains the highest in the EU at 14%. The government intends to make further progress in changing labor laws and reforming pension schemes, which are key to the sustainability of both Spain's internal economic advances and its competitiveness in a single currency area. Adjusting to the monetary and other economic policies of an integrated Europe - and further reducing unemployment - will pose challenges to Spain in the next few years.
Electricity - consumption 7.44 million kWh (2005) 189.57 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 6.23 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) 11.945 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 8 million kWh (2005) 197.694 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
57.71%

hydro:
12.1%

nuclear:
28.28%

other:
1.91% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,062 m; Green Mountain on Ascension Island 859 m; Mount Actaeon on Saint Helena Island 818 m
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Pico de Teide (Tenerife) on Canary Islands 3,718 m
Environment - current issues NA pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from the offshore production of oil and gas; water quality and quantity nationwide; air pollution; deforestation; desertification
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification
Ethnic groups African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25% composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types
Exchange rates Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.4993 (2007), 0.5434 (2006), 0.5493 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003)


note: the Saint Helenian pound is on par with the British pound
euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); pesetas per US dollar - 149.40 (1998), 146.41 (1997), 126.66 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Governor and Commander in Chief Andrew GURR (since 11 November 2007)


cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, three ex-officio officers, and five elected members of the Legislative Council


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch
chief of state:
King JUAN CARLOS I (since 22 November 1975); Heir Apparent Prince FELIPE, son of the monarch, born 30 January 1968

head of government:
President of the Government Jose Maria AZNAR Lopez (since 5 May 1996); First Vice President Juan Jose LUCAS (since 28 February 2000) and Second Vice President (and Minister of Economy) Rodrigo RATO Figaredo (since 5 May 1996)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers designated by the president

note:
there is also a Council of State that is the supreme consultative organ of the government

elections:
the monarch is hereditary; president proposed by the monarch and elected by the National Assembly following legislative elections; election last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004); vice presidents appointed by the monarch on proposal of the president

election results:
Jose Maria AZNAR Lopez (PP) elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 44%
Exports 0 bbl/day (2004) $120.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, other consumer goods
Exports - partners Tanzania 37.7%, US 17.4%, Japan 15.2%, UK 8.4%, Nigeria 4.8%, Spain 4.5% (2006) EU 71% (France 20%, Germany 12%, Italy 9%, Portugal 9%, UK 8%), Latin America 6%, US 5% (2000)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width), and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band; the coat of arms includes the royal seal framed by the Pillars of Hercules, which are the two promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on either side of the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar
GDP - purchasing power parity - $720.8 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture:
4%

industry:
31%

services:
65% (1999)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $18,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 4% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates Saint Helena: 15 57 S, 5 42 W


Ascension Island: 7 57 S, 14 22 W


Tristan da Cunha island group: 37 15 S, 12 30 W
40 00 N, 4 00 W
Geography - note Saint Helena harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns; Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha is the highest island mountain in the South Atlantic and a prominent landmark on the sea lanes around southern Africa strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar
Heliports - 2 (2000 est.)
Highways - total:
346,858 km

paved:
343,389 km (including 9,063 km of expressways)

unpaved:
3,469 km (1997)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
2.8%

highest 10%:
25.2% (1990)
Illicit drugs - key European gateway country for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish entering the European market; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian heroin
Imports 64.07 bbl/day (2004) $153.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods; foodstuffs, consumer goods (1997)
Imports - partners UK 53.5%, South Africa 14.3%, Spain 10.3%, Tanzania 8.5%, US 4.6% (2006) EU 68% (France 18%, Germany 16%, Italy 9%, UK 7%, Benelux 8%), US 8%, OPEC 5%, Latin America 4%, Japan 3% (1999)
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) 1492 (expulsion of the Moors and unification)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 4.5% (2000 est.)
Industries construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing, philatelic sales textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism
Infant mortality rate total: 17.67 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 21.19 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 13.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
4.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.2% (1997 est.) 3.4% (2000 est.)
International organization participation UPU AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 56 (2000)
Irrigated land NA 34,530 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo
Labor force 2,486


note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)
17 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 6%


industry: 48%


services: 46% (1987 est.)
services 64%, manufacturing, mining, and construction 28%, agriculture 8% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
1,917.8 km

border countries:
Andorra 63.7 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km, Morocco (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Morocco (Melilla) 9.6 km
Land use arable land: 12.9%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 87.1% (2005)
arable land:
30%

permanent crops:
9%

permanent pastures:
21%

forests and woodland:
32%

other:
8% (1993 est.)
Languages English Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%
Legal system English common law and statutes, supplemented by local statutes civil law system, with regional applications; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council (16 seats, including the speaker, three ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 31 August 2005 (next to be held in 2009)


election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 12
bicameral; General Courts or National Assembly or Las Cortes Generales consists of the Senate or Senado (259 seats - 208 members directly elected by popular vote and the other 51 appointed by the regional legislatures to serve four-year terms) and the Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; members are elected by popular vote on block lists by proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
Senate - last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004); Congress of Deputies - last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004)

election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PP 127, PSOE 61, CiU 8, PNV 6, CC 5, PIL 1; Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PP 44.5%, PSOE 34%, CiU 4.2%, IU 5.4%, PNV 1.5%, CC 1%, BNG 1.3%; seats by party - PP 183, PSOE 125, CiU 15, IU 8, PNV 7, CC 4, BNG 3, other 5
Life expectancy at birth total population: 78.09 years


male: 75.19 years


female: 81.15 years (2007 est.)
total population:
78.93 years

male:
75.47 years

female:
82.62 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 20 and over can read and write


total population: 97%


male: 97%


female: 98% (1987 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa; Ascension Island lies 700 nm northwest of Saint Helena; Tristan da Cunha lies 2300 nm southwest of Saint Helena Southwestern Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and Pyrenees Mountains, southwest of France
Map references Africa Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM (applies only to the Atlantic Ocean)

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
135 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,208,730 GRT/1,773,378 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 10, cargo 26, chemical tanker 10, container 9, liquefied gas 2, livestock carrier 1, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 24, refrigerated cargo 5, roll on/roll off 35, short-sea passenger 8, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 3 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK -
Military branches - Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Civil Guard, National Police, Coastal Civil Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $6 billion (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.1% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
10,551,945 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
8,448,150 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
281,043 (2001 est.)
National holiday Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926) Hispanic Day, 12 October
Nationality noun: Saint Helenian(s)


adjective: Saint Helenian


note: referred to locally as "Saints"
noun:
Spaniard(s)

adjective:
Spanish
Natural hazards active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha, last eruption in 1961 periodic droughts
Natural resources fish, lobster coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 0.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 265 km; petroleum products 1,794 km; natural gas 1,666 km
Political parties and leaders none Basque Nationalist Party or PNV [Xabier ARZALLUS Antia]; Canarian Coalition or CC (a coalition of five parties) [Paulino RIVERO]; Convergence and Union or CiU [Jordi PUJOL i Soley, secretary general] (a coalition of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC [Jordi PUJOL i Soley] and the Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN y LLEIDA]); Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Xose Manuel BEIRAS]; Party of Independents from Lanzarote or PIL [Dimas MARTIN Martin]; Popular Party or PP [Jose Maria AZNAR Lopez]; Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Jose Luis Rodriguez ZAPATERO]; United Left or IU (a coalition of parties including the PCE and other small parties) [Gaspar LLAMAZARES]
Political pressure groups and leaders none business and landowning interests; Catholic Church; Euskal Herritarok or EH [Herri BATASUNA]; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977); on the extreme left, the Basque Fatherland and Liberty or ETA and the First of October Antifascist Resistance Group or GRAPO use terrorism to oppose the government; Opus Dei; Socialist General Union of Workers or UGT and the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union or USO; university students; Workers Confederation or CC.OO
Population 7,543


note: only Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha islands are inhabited (July 2007 est.)
40,037,995 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.53% (2007 est.) 0.1% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Aviles, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cadiz, Cartagena, Castellon de la Plana, Ceuta, Huelva, La Coruna, Las Palmas (Canary Islands), Malaga, Melilla, Pasajes, Gijon, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands), Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Vigo
Radio broadcast stations Saint Helena: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0


Ascension: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (2005)
AM 208, FM 715, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios - 13.1 million (1997)
Railways - total:
13,950 km

broad gauge:
12,781 km 1.668-m gauge (6,358 km electrified; 2,295 km double track)

standard gauge:
525 km 1.435-m gauge (525 km electrified)

narrow gauge:
644 km 1.000-m gauge (438 km electrified) (1998)
Religions Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.036 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.056 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.863 male(s)/female


total population: 1.031 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.72 male(s)/female

total population:
0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage NA years of age 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: can communicate worldwide


domestic: automatic digital network


international: country code (Saint Helena) - 290, (Ascension Island) - 247; international direct dialing; satellite voice and data communications; satellite earth stations - 5 (Ascension Island - 4, Saint Helena - 1)
general assessment:
generally adequate, modern facilities; teledensity is 44 main lines for each 100 persons

domestic:
NA

international:
22 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries
Telephones - main lines in use 2,200 (2002) 17.336 million (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 8.394 million (1999)
Television broadcast stations 0 (3 television channels are received via satellite and distributed by UHF) (2005) 224 (plus 2,105 repeaters)

note:
these figures include 11 television broadcast stations and 88 repeaters in the Canary Islands (1995)
Terrain the islands of this group result from volcanic activity associated with the Atlantic Mid-Ocean Ridge


Saint Helena: rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains


Ascension: surface covered by lava flows and cinder cones of 44 dormant volcanoes; ground rises to the east


Tristan da Cunha: sheer cliffs line the coastline of the nearly circular island; the flanks of the central volcanic peak are deeply dissected; narrow coastal plain lies between The Peak and the coastal cliffs
large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north
Total fertility rate 1.55 children born/woman (2007 est.) 1.15 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Transportation - note there is no air connection to Saint Helena or Tristan da Cunha; an international airport for Saint Helena is in development for 2010 -
Unemployment rate 14% (1998 est.) 14% (2000 est.)
Waterways - 1,045 km (of minor economic importance)
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